The kinds and genres of fine art

A Grade 5 topic in Fine Art: “Lessons 1–2. The kinds and genres of fine art” (pp. 5–12, D. A. Akmatov, A. K. Orozobaev). The year theme of Grade 5 is “Fine art and time”. Graphic art (from the Greek grapho — I write, I draw) is depiction on a flat surface by means of lines, hatching, contour, spots and tone; graphic art is called the art of black and white. Painting is one of the main kinds of fine art, whose works are created with colours; the Russian word for painting means “to write life”, “to write vividly”. Sculpture is a Latin word of the ancient Romans (sculptura, from sculpo — to carve, to cut, to model). A person who works in this art is called a sculptor. Sculpture is divided into three main kinds: monumental, easel and small-form sculpture. The word “moneo” comes from the ancient Romans and means “monument”. A form created by volumes standing out from the plane of the background is called a relief; reliefs are divided into bas-relief, high relief and counter-relief. Architecture (Latin arhitektura, from the Greek archi — “chief” and tektos — “to build, to raise”) is the art of building. Two main requirements are set for any construction: quality (strength) and convenience. The lesson looks at Saimaluu-Tash, Chauvet Cave, the “Manas” artists B. Jumabaev and T. Herzen, and T. Sadykov's “Manas” monument.