Introduction. Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene

A Grade 8 Biology topic: «Introduction. Anatomy, physiology, hygiene» (pp. 3–4, Zh. Z. Zakirov, Ch. S. Davletova). The motto of the textbook: «Know yourself and know how to look after yourself!». The three sciences: anatomy — the form and structure of organs, tissues and cells; physiology — the life functions of the organism; hygiene — keeping and strengthening health. The three are closely linked, so at school they are studied together. An electron microscope shows the structure of a cell magnified a hundred thousand times. Physiology and hygiene are the basis of preventive medicine. The scientists: N. I. Pirogov (anatomy and surgery), I. M. Sechenov and I. P. Pavlov (the theory of nervism), N. A. Semashko (school hygiene). Academician I. K. Akhunbaev showed that a shortage of iodine in mountain water causes thyroid disease.