§1. The Kokand Khanate and Southern Kyrgyzstan

A Grade 8 topic in the history of Kyrgyzstan: §1. The Kokand Khanate and Southern Kyrgyzstan (pp. 5–9, T. N. Omurbekov, T. K. Chorotegin). The Kokand rulers coveted Kyrgyz land and began with organising raids; the struggle to subdue the south lasted almost 60 years and covered the period 1762–1821. In 1762 Irdana biy organised a campaign against the towns of Uzgen and Osh, and Azhy biy, leader of the Ichkilik, Adygine and Mongoldor tribes, put up fierce resistance. In 1764, when the ruler of Kokand went on a campaign to Khujand, Azhy biy suddenly attacked the undefended Kokand holdings and the Osh region passed back to the Kyrgyz. The struggle of the Ketmen-Tobo Kyrgyz was led by Satyke the batyr. The Kyrgyz supplied the khan with mounted troops, which was called kyl kuyruk. From 1842 the Kyrgyz and Kipchak leaders themselves decided the fate of the throne.